Espeletre. For most of us, this tree is a symbol of autumn, the emblem of Canada, material for skis and furniture. But few people think about the fact that maple is also a full-fledged food product. Yes, not just sweet syrup. Practically everything can be used for food: sap, seeds ("helicopters"), young leaves, and even the inner layer of the bark. Maple can feed, quench thirst, and heal. Let's figure out how and what.

Maple syrup: liquid gold

The most famous food product of the maple is syrup. It is obtained from the sap of the sugar maple (Acer saccharum), as well as black and red maple. The season for collection is early spring, when the nights are still cold and the days are warm. A nozzle is inserted into the trunk, and the sap drips into a bucket. The transparent, slightly sweet sap is boiled down — from 40 liters you get 1 liter of syrup. Maple syrup contains sucrose, fructose, glucose, as well as manganese, zinc, calcium, potassium. Its glycemic index is lower than that of white sugar (54 against 65). It is rich in antioxidants (phenolic compounds) that help fight inflammation. In Canada and the United States, syrup is classified by color and taste: from golden (delicate) to very dark (intense, with coffee notes). It is used in baking, for glazing, in cocktails, poured over pancakes, added to sauces. Benefits: manganese is important for metabolism; zinc — for immunity; calcium — for bones. Harm: it is still sugar, so diabetics need to be moderate.

Maple sugar and maple candy

If the syrup is boiled down further until almost all the water has evaporated, you get maple sugar. It is solid, sweet, with a caramel aroma. It can be ground into powder and used as ordinary sugar. In the 19th century in North America, maple sugar was cheaper than sugarcane, and it was stored for the winter. Today it is a delicacy. Maple candy (or oil) is obtained if the syrup is boiled down to a soft ball (112°C) and then vigorously stirred. The consistency is pasty, resembling thick honey. It is spread on toast, added to desserts. Nutritional value: the same minerals, but concentrated. Caloric content — about 350 kcal per 100 g (compared to 260 in syrup).

Helicopters (wings) — a forgotten snack

In late spring — early summer, on maples, fruits-wings, those very "helicopters" that spin in the air, ripen. The seeds of many maple species (sharp-leaved, field) are edible. They need to be collected young, before the shell hardens. In their raw form, they are bitter, so they require heat treatment. The seeds are blanched for 5-10 minutes in salted water, then fried in a pan with oil and garlic. The taste resembles unripe green beans or cashews. In lean years (for example, during wars), maple seeds were used as a substitute for grain. They were ground into flour and added to bread. Nutritional value: protein (about 15%), fats (5-7%), carbohydrates (about 10%), as well as vitamins of the B group. Maple seeds contain homocysteine in small amounts, which is harmful in excess, so do not eat them by the kilogram.

Young leaves — early green

In early spring, when the leaves of the maple are just unfolding and have not yet toughened, they can be used as salad greens. The taste is delicate, slightly astringent, with notes of cucumber. They are added to salads, soups, pie fillings. In terms of nutrition, they resemble spinach: vitamin C (30 mg per 100 g), carotene, rutin (strengthening blood vessels). Important: do not collect leaves from the silver maple (American) — they may contain toxic substances. It is better to take the sharp-leaved or field maple. It is recommended to scald young leaves with boiling water before eating to remove bitterness. In folk medicine, an infusion of maple leaves is used for jaundice and kidney stones (as a diuretic).

Maple bark and cambium — bread for survival

The inner layer of the bark (cambium) of the maple is edible. It is harvested in the spring when the tree begins to flow sap. The bark is separated from the outer layer, and the cambium is dried, ground into flour, or eaten raw. It tastes sweet, with a nutty flavor. Indigenous peoples of North America used maple bark as a source of carbohydrates and fiber. In extreme situations (loss in the forest), the inner bark of the maple can save from hunger. However, remember: stripping the bark can kill the tree, so do not overdo it.

Comparison with other sweet syrups

Maple syrup is often compared with honey, agave, syrup from Jerusalem artichoke. The advantages of maple: low glycemic index, the presence of manganese and riboflavin, it does not crystallize when stored. Disadvantages: cost (outside Canada). Unlike honey, maple syrup can be consumed by vegans (not of animal origin). Agave syrup is sweeter, but contains fructan, which causes bloating in some people. Maple syrup is the best choice for a healthy sweetener, unless it is about type 2 diabetics (they can also, but in moderation). In terms of antioxidants, maple is inferior to dark honey, but superior to white sugar.

Where else is maple used in cooking

Maple vinegar (from fermented sap) is a rare product. In France, it is added to salad dressings. Maple oil (cold-pressed from seeds) contains omega-3 and omega-6 in a good ratio. But its industrial production is difficult. Maple nuts (roasted wings) are a delicacy in Japanese cuisine. They are added to rice balls (onigiri). In Korean cuisine, maple leaves are fermented to obtain "maple kimchi". In Russia, it is still exotic, but demand is growing.

Precautions

Not all maples are equally beneficial. The seeds of some species (false sycamore maple) may contain alkaloids that cause nausea. It is better to stick to sugar, sharp-leaved, field maple. Do not collect bark and sap in cities near roads — heavy metals. If you are allergic to birch pollen, there may be cross-reactivity with maple syrup (rare, but it happens). Do not give maple syrup to children under one year old due to the risk of botulism (like honey).

Maple is not just autumn beauty. It is a whole treasure trove of health. Syrup, sugar, seeds, leaves, bark — all can be used. In the era of fascination with natural products, maple syrup occupies a distinguished place. Have you tried maple seeds? Maybe it's time to expand your culinary horizons?

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